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Why doesn't the centrifugal force cause rotating dark halos to flatten?

How can dark matter collapse without collisions or radiation?Why does dark matter form walls and filamentsIs there a binary black hole system in the middle of the galaxy?How does mirror matter account for the faster than expected spin of gallaxies?Distribution of dark matter in galactic halosDid dark matter cause the formation of the Solar System?How can I add dark matter to my $N$-body simulation?How dark matter makes ordinary matter far from the center of a disc galaxy rotate faster?Do galaxies have a halo of neutrinos and cosmic microwave background?Would calculating the relativistic mass of every particle in a Galaxy account for dark matter?If our galaxy's dark matter halo is so large and diffuse, why is the ordinary matter in it so much more localised and compactly located?

2

$begingroup$

• Consider a spherical cloud of dark matter like the spherical halo around our galaxy. Please see the diagram below




• Assuming that the halo is purely made up of dark matter which has only gravitational interaction and nothing else. Therefore, it cannot dissipate energy with time.




• Now imagine the system is given a uniform rotation at $t=0$ about the axis shown in the figure.

Wouldn't such a motion cause the dark matter distribution to flatten out and take up the shape of a disc? After all, these dark matter particles will experience a centrifugal force. But this is not observed for the galactic halo. The halo retains its spherical shape even though the galaxy is rotating. What is wrong with my reasoning? Isn't the halo also expected to rotate like the visible matter in the galaxy?

cosmology astrophysics dark-matter

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edited yesterday

Kyle Oman

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asked yesterday

SRSSRS

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$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  I would not discuss the flattening of colliding gas in terms of "centrifugal force". nI mean, you can, but I wouldn't advise it because I don't see it as a win for comprehension.
  $endgroup$
  – dmckee♦
  2 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

2

$begingroup$

• Consider a spherical cloud of dark matter like the spherical halo around our galaxy. Please see the diagram below




• Assuming that the halo is purely made up of dark matter which has only gravitational interaction and nothing else. Therefore, it cannot dissipate energy with time.




• Now imagine the system is given a uniform rotation at $t=0$ about the axis shown in the figure.

Wouldn't such a motion cause the dark matter distribution to flatten out and take up the shape of a disc? After all, these dark matter particles will experience a centrifugal force. But this is not observed for the galactic halo. The halo retains its spherical shape even though the galaxy is rotating. What is wrong with my reasoning? Isn't the halo also expected to rotate like the visible matter in the galaxy?

cosmology astrophysics dark-matter

share|cite|improve this question

edited yesterday

Kyle Oman

15.4k955111

asked yesterday

SRSSRS

6,583433124

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  I would not discuss the flattening of colliding gas in terms of "centrifugal force". nI mean, you can, but I wouldn't advise it because I don't see it as a win for comprehension.
  $endgroup$
  – dmckee♦
  2 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

• Consider a spherical cloud of dark matter like the spherical halo around our galaxy. Please see the diagram below




• Assuming that the halo is purely made up of dark matter which has only gravitational interaction and nothing else. Therefore, it cannot dissipate energy with time.




• Now imagine the system is given a uniform rotation at $t=0$ about the axis shown in the figure.

Wouldn't such a motion cause the dark matter distribution to flatten out and take up the shape of a disc? After all, these dark matter particles will experience a centrifugal force. But this is not observed for the galactic halo. The halo retains its spherical shape even though the galaxy is rotating. What is wrong with my reasoning? Isn't the halo also expected to rotate like the visible matter in the galaxy?

cosmology astrophysics dark-matter

share|cite|improve this question

edited yesterday

Kyle Oman

15.4k955111

asked yesterday

SRSSRS

6,583433124

$endgroup$

share|cite|improve this question

edited yesterday

Kyle Oman

15.4k955111

asked yesterday

SRSSRS

6,583433124

share|cite|improve this question

edited yesterday

Kyle Oman

15.4k955111

asked yesterday

SRSSRS

6,583433124

edited yesterday

Kyle Oman

15.4k955111

edited yesterday

Kyle Oman

15.4k955111

asked yesterday

SRSSRS

6,583433124

asked yesterday

SRSSRS

6,583433124

1 Answer
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3

$begingroup$

The premises of your question are false, according to current theory and measurements. Halos do rotate and their shapes are not spherical. Some references:

• Current constraints on the Milky Way dark halo shape from the orbits of globular clusters suggest an axis ratio of $sim 1.3$: Posti & Helmi (2019).


• The halo angular momentum has been theoretically well motivated for a long time: Hoyle (1949), Efstathiou & Jones (1979).


• The dimensionless halo spin parameter is $lambdasim0.035$, indicating that dark halos are mostly supported by dispersion (random motions) rather than rotation, so flattening into a disc is not expected, but a slight elongation is : Mo, van den Bosch & White (2010), p. 358-359 - this is a textbook reference, there are also many articles on this well-studied topic.


• There are also theoretically derived constraints on discs of dark matter that could in principle form by collecting within the stellar discs of galaxies. This seems not to be a very prevalent phenomenon, though: Schaller et al. (2016) - disclaimer, I am one of the authors.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered yesterday

Kyle OmanKyle Oman

15.4k955111

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Then, my question would be: why isn't the flattening as serious as that of the visible matter? I would like a simple argument, if possible.
  $endgroup$
  – SRS
  yesterday
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  3
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  @SRS ordinary matter radiates energy electromagnetically, allowing it to collapse much more than dark matter can. As it collapses, angular momentum is conserved and it spins faster and flattens out.
  $endgroup$
  – Kyle Oman
  yesterday
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

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3

$begingroup$

The premises of your question are false, according to current theory and measurements. Halos do rotate and their shapes are not spherical. Some references:

• Current constraints on the Milky Way dark halo shape from the orbits of globular clusters suggest an axis ratio of $sim 1.3$: Posti & Helmi (2019).


• The halo angular momentum has been theoretically well motivated for a long time: Hoyle (1949), Efstathiou & Jones (1979).


• The dimensionless halo spin parameter is $lambdasim0.035$, indicating that dark halos are mostly supported by dispersion (random motions) rather than rotation, so flattening into a disc is not expected, but a slight elongation is : Mo, van den Bosch & White (2010), p. 358-359 - this is a textbook reference, there are also many articles on this well-studied topic.


• There are also theoretically derived constraints on discs of dark matter that could in principle form by collecting within the stellar discs of galaxies. This seems not to be a very prevalent phenomenon, though: Schaller et al. (2016) - disclaimer, I am one of the authors.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered yesterday

Kyle OmanKyle Oman

15.4k955111

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Then, my question would be: why isn't the flattening as serious as that of the visible matter? I would like a simple argument, if possible.
  $endgroup$
  – SRS
  yesterday
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  3
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  @SRS ordinary matter radiates energy electromagnetically, allowing it to collapse much more than dark matter can. As it collapses, angular momentum is conserved and it spins faster and flattens out.
  $endgroup$
  – Kyle Oman
  yesterday
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

3

$begingroup$

The premises of your question are false, according to current theory and measurements. Halos do rotate and their shapes are not spherical. Some references:

• Current constraints on the Milky Way dark halo shape from the orbits of globular clusters suggest an axis ratio of $sim 1.3$: Posti & Helmi (2019).


• The halo angular momentum has been theoretically well motivated for a long time: Hoyle (1949), Efstathiou & Jones (1979).


• The dimensionless halo spin parameter is $lambdasim0.035$, indicating that dark halos are mostly supported by dispersion (random motions) rather than rotation, so flattening into a disc is not expected, but a slight elongation is : Mo, van den Bosch & White (2010), p. 358-359 - this is a textbook reference, there are also many articles on this well-studied topic.


• There are also theoretically derived constraints on discs of dark matter that could in principle form by collecting within the stellar discs of galaxies. This seems not to be a very prevalent phenomenon, though: Schaller et al. (2016) - disclaimer, I am one of the authors.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered yesterday

Kyle OmanKyle Oman

15.4k955111

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Then, my question would be: why isn't the flattening as serious as that of the visible matter? I would like a simple argument, if possible.
  $endgroup$
  – SRS
  yesterday
  
  
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  3
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  @SRS ordinary matter radiates energy electromagnetically, allowing it to collapse much more than dark matter can. As it collapses, angular momentum is conserved and it spins faster and flattens out.
  $endgroup$
  – Kyle Oman
  yesterday
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

The premises of your question are false, according to current theory and measurements. Halos do rotate and their shapes are not spherical. Some references:

• Current constraints on the Milky Way dark halo shape from the orbits of globular clusters suggest an axis ratio of $sim 1.3$: Posti & Helmi (2019).


• The halo angular momentum has been theoretically well motivated for a long time: Hoyle (1949), Efstathiou & Jones (1979).


• The dimensionless halo spin parameter is $lambdasim0.035$, indicating that dark halos are mostly supported by dispersion (random motions) rather than rotation, so flattening into a disc is not expected, but a slight elongation is : Mo, van den Bosch & White (2010), p. 358-359 - this is a textbook reference, there are also many articles on this well-studied topic.


• There are also theoretically derived constraints on discs of dark matter that could in principle form by collecting within the stellar discs of galaxies. This seems not to be a very prevalent phenomenon, though: Schaller et al. (2016) - disclaimer, I am one of the authors.

share|cite|improve this answer

answered yesterday

Kyle OmanKyle Oman

15.4k955111

$endgroup$

share|cite|improve this answer

answered yesterday

Kyle OmanKyle Oman

15.4k955111

answered yesterday

Kyle OmanKyle Oman

15.4k955111

answered yesterday

Kyle OmanKyle Oman

15.4k955111