Trigonometric and Exponential Integration Unicorn Meta Zoo #1: Why another podcast? ...

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Trigonometric and Exponential Integration



Unicorn Meta Zoo #1: Why another podcast?
Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manarapositive integer $n$ in definite integrationFinding $sum^{infty}_{n=1}int^{2(n+1)pi}_{2npi}frac{xsin x+cos x}{x^2}$Trigonometric exponential IntegrationValue of product of cosines definite integrationArrangement of definite integral in increasing orderFinding $ int^{1}_{-1}frac{x^3}{sqrt{1-x^2}}lnbigg(frac{1+x}{1-x}bigg)dx$Finding $int^{pi}_{0}sin(8x+8sin 3x)dx$If $int^{infty}_{0}frac{ln^2(x)}{(1-x)^2}dx+kint^{1}_{0}frac{ln(1-x)}{x}dx=0.$ Find $k$.Evaluation of inverse of $tan$ integrationWhat is $PQ^{-1}$ if $P=int^{pi}_{0}frac{sin(994 x)}{sin x}sin(1332x),dx$ and $Q=int^{1}_{0}frac{x^{338}(x^{1988}-1)}{x^2-1},dx$?












6












$begingroup$



If $displaystyle I_{n} =int^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}e^{-x}cos^{n}(x)dx.$ Then $displaystyle frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}}$ is




Try: using by parts



$$I_{n}=int^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}e^{-x}cos^{n}(x)dx$$



$$I_{n}=-cos^{n}(x)cdot e^{-x}bigg|^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}-nint^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)cdot e^{-x}dx$$



$$I_{n}=nint^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)cdot e^{-x}dx$$



Could some help me to solve it, Thanks










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Integrate both sides of $$dfrac{d(e^{-x}cos^mxsin x)}{dx}$$
    $endgroup$
    – lab bhattacharjee
    17 hours ago
















6












$begingroup$



If $displaystyle I_{n} =int^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}e^{-x}cos^{n}(x)dx.$ Then $displaystyle frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}}$ is




Try: using by parts



$$I_{n}=int^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}e^{-x}cos^{n}(x)dx$$



$$I_{n}=-cos^{n}(x)cdot e^{-x}bigg|^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}-nint^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)cdot e^{-x}dx$$



$$I_{n}=nint^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)cdot e^{-x}dx$$



Could some help me to solve it, Thanks










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Integrate both sides of $$dfrac{d(e^{-x}cos^mxsin x)}{dx}$$
    $endgroup$
    – lab bhattacharjee
    17 hours ago














6












6








6


1



$begingroup$



If $displaystyle I_{n} =int^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}e^{-x}cos^{n}(x)dx.$ Then $displaystyle frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}}$ is




Try: using by parts



$$I_{n}=int^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}e^{-x}cos^{n}(x)dx$$



$$I_{n}=-cos^{n}(x)cdot e^{-x}bigg|^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}-nint^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)cdot e^{-x}dx$$



$$I_{n}=nint^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)cdot e^{-x}dx$$



Could some help me to solve it, Thanks










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$





If $displaystyle I_{n} =int^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}e^{-x}cos^{n}(x)dx.$ Then $displaystyle frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}}$ is




Try: using by parts



$$I_{n}=int^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}e^{-x}cos^{n}(x)dx$$



$$I_{n}=-cos^{n}(x)cdot e^{-x}bigg|^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}-nint^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)cdot e^{-x}dx$$



$$I_{n}=nint^{infty}_{frac{pi}{2}}cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)cdot e^{-x}dx$$



Could some help me to solve it, Thanks







definite-integrals






share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question










asked 17 hours ago









DXTDXT

5,8872733




5,8872733












  • $begingroup$
    Integrate both sides of $$dfrac{d(e^{-x}cos^mxsin x)}{dx}$$
    $endgroup$
    – lab bhattacharjee
    17 hours ago


















  • $begingroup$
    Integrate both sides of $$dfrac{d(e^{-x}cos^mxsin x)}{dx}$$
    $endgroup$
    – lab bhattacharjee
    17 hours ago
















$begingroup$
Integrate both sides of $$dfrac{d(e^{-x}cos^mxsin x)}{dx}$$
$endgroup$
– lab bhattacharjee
17 hours ago




$begingroup$
Integrate both sides of $$dfrac{d(e^{-x}cos^mxsin x)}{dx}$$
$endgroup$
– lab bhattacharjee
17 hours ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















7












$begingroup$

As you say,



$$
frac{I_n}{n} = - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) mathrm{d}x
$$



I believe the trick is to use integration by parts again, by differentiating the term multiplying the exponential, that is
begin{align*}
frac{mathrm{d} }{mathrm{d} x} , cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) &= cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)color{blue}{sin^2(x)} \
& = cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)left[color{blue}{1-cos^2(x)}right] \
& = color{red}{cos^n(x)} - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x) + (ncolor{red}{-1})cos^n(x) \
& = n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x).
end{align*}

Then the whole integral becomes
$$
frac{I_n}{n} = - displaystyle color{red}{left[ -mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)right]^{infty}_{pi/2}} - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} left[ n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x)right] mathrm{d}x
$$

with the red term being zero, we obtain
begin{align*}
frac{I_n}{n} &= -nI_n + (n-1)I_{n-2}, \
I_n & = - n^2 I_n + n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
(n^2 + 1)I_n &= n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
frac{I_n}{I_{n-2}} &= frac{n(n-1)}{n^2+1}, \
end{align*}

In particular,
$$
frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}} = frac{2018 times 2017}{2018^2+1} = frac{4070306}{4072325}.
$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$









  • 2




    $begingroup$
    No, the result is $dfrac{4070306}{4072325}$. (Checked with Alpha.)
    $endgroup$
    – Yves Daoust
    13 hours ago








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Thanks, I took a typo from OP as my starting point (oops).
    $endgroup$
    – Bennett Gardiner
    13 hours ago



















4












$begingroup$

For brevity we set



$$f_{c,s}(x):= e^{-x}cos^c(x)sin^s(x),$$
$$F_{c,s}(x):=int f_{c,s}(x),dx.$$



Then by parts, integrating on $e^{-x}$,
$$F_{c,0}=-f_{c,0}-cF_{c-1,1}$$
and
$$F_{c-1,1}=-f_{c-1,1}-(c-1)F_{c-2,2}+F_{c,0}.$$



Using $sin^2x=1-cos^2x$ (i.e. $F_{c-2,2}=F_{c-2,0}-F_{c,0}$) and the fact that the $f$ terms vanish, we have after simplification,



$$(c^2+1)F_{c,0}=c(c-1)F_{c-2,0}.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$














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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    7












    $begingroup$

    As you say,



    $$
    frac{I_n}{n} = - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) mathrm{d}x
    $$



    I believe the trick is to use integration by parts again, by differentiating the term multiplying the exponential, that is
    begin{align*}
    frac{mathrm{d} }{mathrm{d} x} , cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) &= cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)color{blue}{sin^2(x)} \
    & = cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)left[color{blue}{1-cos^2(x)}right] \
    & = color{red}{cos^n(x)} - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x) + (ncolor{red}{-1})cos^n(x) \
    & = n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x).
    end{align*}

    Then the whole integral becomes
    $$
    frac{I_n}{n} = - displaystyle color{red}{left[ -mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)right]^{infty}_{pi/2}} - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} left[ n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x)right] mathrm{d}x
    $$

    with the red term being zero, we obtain
    begin{align*}
    frac{I_n}{n} &= -nI_n + (n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    I_n & = - n^2 I_n + n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    (n^2 + 1)I_n &= n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    frac{I_n}{I_{n-2}} &= frac{n(n-1)}{n^2+1}, \
    end{align*}

    In particular,
    $$
    frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}} = frac{2018 times 2017}{2018^2+1} = frac{4070306}{4072325}.
    $$






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$









    • 2




      $begingroup$
      No, the result is $dfrac{4070306}{4072325}$. (Checked with Alpha.)
      $endgroup$
      – Yves Daoust
      13 hours ago








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Thanks, I took a typo from OP as my starting point (oops).
      $endgroup$
      – Bennett Gardiner
      13 hours ago
















    7












    $begingroup$

    As you say,



    $$
    frac{I_n}{n} = - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) mathrm{d}x
    $$



    I believe the trick is to use integration by parts again, by differentiating the term multiplying the exponential, that is
    begin{align*}
    frac{mathrm{d} }{mathrm{d} x} , cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) &= cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)color{blue}{sin^2(x)} \
    & = cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)left[color{blue}{1-cos^2(x)}right] \
    & = color{red}{cos^n(x)} - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x) + (ncolor{red}{-1})cos^n(x) \
    & = n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x).
    end{align*}

    Then the whole integral becomes
    $$
    frac{I_n}{n} = - displaystyle color{red}{left[ -mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)right]^{infty}_{pi/2}} - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} left[ n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x)right] mathrm{d}x
    $$

    with the red term being zero, we obtain
    begin{align*}
    frac{I_n}{n} &= -nI_n + (n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    I_n & = - n^2 I_n + n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    (n^2 + 1)I_n &= n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    frac{I_n}{I_{n-2}} &= frac{n(n-1)}{n^2+1}, \
    end{align*}

    In particular,
    $$
    frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}} = frac{2018 times 2017}{2018^2+1} = frac{4070306}{4072325}.
    $$






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$









    • 2




      $begingroup$
      No, the result is $dfrac{4070306}{4072325}$. (Checked with Alpha.)
      $endgroup$
      – Yves Daoust
      13 hours ago








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Thanks, I took a typo from OP as my starting point (oops).
      $endgroup$
      – Bennett Gardiner
      13 hours ago














    7












    7








    7





    $begingroup$

    As you say,



    $$
    frac{I_n}{n} = - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) mathrm{d}x
    $$



    I believe the trick is to use integration by parts again, by differentiating the term multiplying the exponential, that is
    begin{align*}
    frac{mathrm{d} }{mathrm{d} x} , cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) &= cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)color{blue}{sin^2(x)} \
    & = cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)left[color{blue}{1-cos^2(x)}right] \
    & = color{red}{cos^n(x)} - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x) + (ncolor{red}{-1})cos^n(x) \
    & = n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x).
    end{align*}

    Then the whole integral becomes
    $$
    frac{I_n}{n} = - displaystyle color{red}{left[ -mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)right]^{infty}_{pi/2}} - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} left[ n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x)right] mathrm{d}x
    $$

    with the red term being zero, we obtain
    begin{align*}
    frac{I_n}{n} &= -nI_n + (n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    I_n & = - n^2 I_n + n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    (n^2 + 1)I_n &= n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    frac{I_n}{I_{n-2}} &= frac{n(n-1)}{n^2+1}, \
    end{align*}

    In particular,
    $$
    frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}} = frac{2018 times 2017}{2018^2+1} = frac{4070306}{4072325}.
    $$






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$



    As you say,



    $$
    frac{I_n}{n} = - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) mathrm{d}x
    $$



    I believe the trick is to use integration by parts again, by differentiating the term multiplying the exponential, that is
    begin{align*}
    frac{mathrm{d} }{mathrm{d} x} , cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x) &= cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)color{blue}{sin^2(x)} \
    & = cos^n(x) - (n-1)cos^{n-2}(x)left[color{blue}{1-cos^2(x)}right] \
    & = color{red}{cos^n(x)} - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x) + (ncolor{red}{-1})cos^n(x) \
    & = n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x).
    end{align*}

    Then the whole integral becomes
    $$
    frac{I_n}{n} = - displaystyle color{red}{left[ -mathrm{e}^{-x} cos^{n-1}(x)sin(x)right]^{infty}_{pi/2}} - int_{pi/2}^{infty} mathrm{e}^{-x} left[ n cos^n(x) - (n-1) cos^{n-2}(x)right] mathrm{d}x
    $$

    with the red term being zero, we obtain
    begin{align*}
    frac{I_n}{n} &= -nI_n + (n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    I_n & = - n^2 I_n + n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    (n^2 + 1)I_n &= n(n-1)I_{n-2}, \
    frac{I_n}{I_{n-2}} &= frac{n(n-1)}{n^2+1}, \
    end{align*}

    In particular,
    $$
    frac{I_{2018}}{I_{2016}} = frac{2018 times 2017}{2018^2+1} = frac{4070306}{4072325}.
    $$







    share|cite|improve this answer














    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer








    edited 13 hours ago

























    answered 15 hours ago









    Bennett GardinerBennett Gardiner

    3,16211540




    3,16211540








    • 2




      $begingroup$
      No, the result is $dfrac{4070306}{4072325}$. (Checked with Alpha.)
      $endgroup$
      – Yves Daoust
      13 hours ago








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Thanks, I took a typo from OP as my starting point (oops).
      $endgroup$
      – Bennett Gardiner
      13 hours ago














    • 2




      $begingroup$
      No, the result is $dfrac{4070306}{4072325}$. (Checked with Alpha.)
      $endgroup$
      – Yves Daoust
      13 hours ago








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Thanks, I took a typo from OP as my starting point (oops).
      $endgroup$
      – Bennett Gardiner
      13 hours ago








    2




    2




    $begingroup$
    No, the result is $dfrac{4070306}{4072325}$. (Checked with Alpha.)
    $endgroup$
    – Yves Daoust
    13 hours ago






    $begingroup$
    No, the result is $dfrac{4070306}{4072325}$. (Checked with Alpha.)
    $endgroup$
    – Yves Daoust
    13 hours ago






    1




    1




    $begingroup$
    Thanks, I took a typo from OP as my starting point (oops).
    $endgroup$
    – Bennett Gardiner
    13 hours ago




    $begingroup$
    Thanks, I took a typo from OP as my starting point (oops).
    $endgroup$
    – Bennett Gardiner
    13 hours ago











    4












    $begingroup$

    For brevity we set



    $$f_{c,s}(x):= e^{-x}cos^c(x)sin^s(x),$$
    $$F_{c,s}(x):=int f_{c,s}(x),dx.$$



    Then by parts, integrating on $e^{-x}$,
    $$F_{c,0}=-f_{c,0}-cF_{c-1,1}$$
    and
    $$F_{c-1,1}=-f_{c-1,1}-(c-1)F_{c-2,2}+F_{c,0}.$$



    Using $sin^2x=1-cos^2x$ (i.e. $F_{c-2,2}=F_{c-2,0}-F_{c,0}$) and the fact that the $f$ terms vanish, we have after simplification,



    $$(c^2+1)F_{c,0}=c(c-1)F_{c-2,0}.$$






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$


















      4












      $begingroup$

      For brevity we set



      $$f_{c,s}(x):= e^{-x}cos^c(x)sin^s(x),$$
      $$F_{c,s}(x):=int f_{c,s}(x),dx.$$



      Then by parts, integrating on $e^{-x}$,
      $$F_{c,0}=-f_{c,0}-cF_{c-1,1}$$
      and
      $$F_{c-1,1}=-f_{c-1,1}-(c-1)F_{c-2,2}+F_{c,0}.$$



      Using $sin^2x=1-cos^2x$ (i.e. $F_{c-2,2}=F_{c-2,0}-F_{c,0}$) and the fact that the $f$ terms vanish, we have after simplification,



      $$(c^2+1)F_{c,0}=c(c-1)F_{c-2,0}.$$






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$
















        4












        4








        4





        $begingroup$

        For brevity we set



        $$f_{c,s}(x):= e^{-x}cos^c(x)sin^s(x),$$
        $$F_{c,s}(x):=int f_{c,s}(x),dx.$$



        Then by parts, integrating on $e^{-x}$,
        $$F_{c,0}=-f_{c,0}-cF_{c-1,1}$$
        and
        $$F_{c-1,1}=-f_{c-1,1}-(c-1)F_{c-2,2}+F_{c,0}.$$



        Using $sin^2x=1-cos^2x$ (i.e. $F_{c-2,2}=F_{c-2,0}-F_{c,0}$) and the fact that the $f$ terms vanish, we have after simplification,



        $$(c^2+1)F_{c,0}=c(c-1)F_{c-2,0}.$$






        share|cite|improve this answer











        $endgroup$



        For brevity we set



        $$f_{c,s}(x):= e^{-x}cos^c(x)sin^s(x),$$
        $$F_{c,s}(x):=int f_{c,s}(x),dx.$$



        Then by parts, integrating on $e^{-x}$,
        $$F_{c,0}=-f_{c,0}-cF_{c-1,1}$$
        and
        $$F_{c-1,1}=-f_{c-1,1}-(c-1)F_{c-2,2}+F_{c,0}.$$



        Using $sin^2x=1-cos^2x$ (i.e. $F_{c-2,2}=F_{c-2,0}-F_{c,0}$) and the fact that the $f$ terms vanish, we have after simplification,



        $$(c^2+1)F_{c,0}=c(c-1)F_{c-2,0}.$$







        share|cite|improve this answer














        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer








        edited 11 hours ago

























        answered 14 hours ago









        Yves DaoustYves Daoust

        134k676232




        134k676232






























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